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Evolution Korea The financial crisis that hit Asia caused a major review of the old system of government and business alliances, as well the public management of risks. In Korea, this meant a change in the development paradigm. In a controversial move, the South Korean government has requested publishers of textbooks to ignore calls to remove examples of evolution from science texts for high school students. This includes the evidence for evolution of horses as well as the Avian ancestor Archaeopteryx. 1. Evolution and Religion A South Korean creationist group has convinced textbook publishers to eliminate evidence of evolution from high-school science texts. This was the result of a campaign run by the Society for Textbook Revise (STR) an independent branch of the Korea Association for Creation Research that aims to clear biology books of “atheist materialism.” The STR claims that this kind of materialistic views create a negative image for students, and could lead to their eventual loss of faith. When the STR's campaign made the news, scientists across the world expressed alarm. Jae Choe, an evolutionary biologist at Ewha Womans University, Seoul and wrote an open letter to Nature's editor that South Korea had succumbed to religious prejudice. He was supported by colleagues from across the country who formed a group called Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition. Researchers are also worried about the possibility that the STR campaign will spread to other regions of the world, where the prevalence of creationism is rising. The letter to Nature warned of the anti-evolutionist campaign putting pressure on textbook revisions, particularly in countries with large Christian and Muslim population. South Korea's cultural background is particularly strong in the evolution debate. 26 percent of South Koreans are part of a religious community with the majority of them practicing Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also adhere to Ch'ondogyo, an ideology based on Confucian principles that emphasizes social harmony, individual self-cultivation and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo teaches the human being is one with Hanulnim, the God of Sun and that the heavenly blessings can be achieved by doing good deeds. All of this has made creationism a fertile field. Numerous studies have revealed that students who have religious backgrounds tend to be more uncomfortable about learning evolution than those who are not religious. The reasons behind this aren't obvious. One possible explanation is that students who have a religious background tend not to be as knowledgeable about scientific theories and concepts and are therefore more susceptible to the influence of creationists. Another possibility is that students who have religious beliefs are more likely to view evolution as an atheistic idea and therefore less at ease with it. 2. Evolution and Science In recent years scientists have been concerned about anti-evolution initiatives in schools. A survey in 2009 revealed that 40% of Americans believed that biological evolution was a myth and that it would be in conflict with their religious beliefs. Many scientists believe that, despite the fact that creationism has been successful, the best way to stop this movement is to educate the public about the evidence supporting evolution. Scientists are required to instruct their students in science, including the theory of evolution. They also need to inform the public about the process of science and how knowledge from science is collected and confirmed. They must also explain that scientific theories are often challenged and revised. However, misconceptions about the nature and purpose of research can lead to a negative view of evolution. For example, some people are able to confuse the term “theory” with the everyday meaning of the word, which is a hunch or guess. In the field of science, however, a hypothesis is rigorously tested and empirical data is used to confirm it. A theory that is tested and observed repeatedly becomes a scientific principle. The debate about evolutionary theory is a good occasion to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is crucial to understand that science does not provide answers to questions about life's purpose or meaning, but rather allows living things to grow and change. A well-rounded education must include exposure to all major scientific fields including evolutionary biology. This is crucial because a lot of jobs and decisions require that people understand how science works. The majority of scientists around the world agree that humans have evolved over time. In a recent study that predicted adults' views of the consensus around this issue people with higher levels of education and science knowledge were found to be more likely to believe there is a wide consensus among scientists on human evolution. People with more religious beliefs and have less knowledge of science are more likely to disagree. It is essential that educators insist on understanding the general consensus on this issue to ensure that individuals have a solid foundation for making informed decisions about their health care, energy use and other issues of policy. 3. Evolution and Culture A close relative to the mainstream evolutionary theory, the concept of cultural evolution studies the numerous ways that humans and other species learn from and interact with each other. Researchers in this field use elaborate models and tools that are adapted from the ones used by evolutionary theorists, and they look back to human prehistory to determine the genesis of our capacity for cultural understanding. This approach also acknowledges the difference between biological and cultural traits. Cultural traits can be acquired slowly, whereas biological traits are typically acquired at the same time (in sexual species, at fertilization). The acquisition of one cultural characteristic can influence the growth and development of a different. In Korea, for example the emergence of Western fashion elements in the late 19th century and the early 20th centuries was the result of a variety of events. One of the most important was the appearance in Korea of Japanese occupation forces who introduced Western hairstyles and clothes. When Japan departed Korea in the 1930s, some of these trends began change. By the end of World War II, Korea had once again unified, this time under the rule of the Choson dynasty. Today, Korea is an economic and political power. Despite the recent financial crisis, Korea's economy has been growing consistently over the last decade. It is anticipated to continue to grow in the near future. However, the current administration has many challenges to face. 에볼루션 무료체험 of the government to come up with a coherent strategy to address the current economic crisis is among the most significant challenges. The crisis has revealed the shortcomings of the country's economic policies, including its excessive dependence on exports and foreign investment that may not be sustainable in the long run. The crisis has shaken the confidence of investors, the government must reconsider its economic strategy and come up with alternatives to increase domestic demand. It must also overhaul the incentive, monitoring, and disciplining systems in place to guarantee the stability of the financial system. This chapter offers a variety of scenarios for how the Korean economy might grow in a post-crisis environment. 4. Evolution and Education The challenge for teachers of evolution lies in how to teach evolutionary concepts that are appropriate for various stages of development and ages. Teachers, for instance, must be aware of the religious diversity of their classrooms and create a setting where students with both religious and secular views are comfortable with learning about evolution. Teachers should also be able to identify common misconceptions regarding evolution and know how to address them in the classroom. Teachers must also have access to a variety of resources to teach evolution and be able to find them quickly. In this regard, the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played an important role in bringing evolutionary researchers and educators from a variety of sectors to discuss best methods of teaching about Evolution. Participants included representatives from scientific societies, educational researchers, officials of government funding agencies, and curriculum developers. The convergence of these diverse groups helped to identify a shared set of recommendations that will serve as the basis for future actions. One of the most important recommendations is that the teaching of evolution should be incorporated in all science curricula at every level. National Science Education Standards (NRC) that call for the integration of evolution across all life sciences, with an educational progression that is developmental appropriate, are one method to achieve this goal. A new publication from NRC provides guidance to schools about how to integrate evolution into the life science curriculum. Multiple studies have shown that a more complete explanation of evolution can lead to better understanding by students and belief in the existence of evolution. It is difficult to quantify the causal effects of evolution in the classroom since the curriculum for schools do not change randomly and are dependent on the timing of state board of education and the gubernatorial election. To overcome this issue I employ an ongoing dataset that gives me to control for the effects of years and states fixed as well as individual-level differences in teacher beliefs about evolutionary theory. Teachers who are more comfortable teaching evolution have less internal barriers. This is in line with the hypothesis that faculty who are more confident are less likely to be hesitant about evolution-related topics in the classroom, and could be more likely to employ strategies like a reconciliatory method that is known to boost the students' understanding of evolution.